INTRODUCTION: CONDUCTING POLYMERS SUCH AS POLYANILINE (PAN) AND POLYPYRROLE (PPY) HAVE BEEN RECENTLY STUDIED EXTENSIVELY BECAUSE OF REDOX REVERSIBILITY, GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY AND ETC. PAN AROUSED A GREAT INTEREST DUE TO ITS LARGE FIELD OF APPLICATIONS SUCH AS SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS, BATTERIES AND ETC [1]. IN RECENT YEARS, THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLYMER/INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS HAVE BEEN RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ATTENTION DUE TO VIDE RANG OF POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND IN FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS.AMONG THE INORGANIC MATERIALS, SOME METAL OXIDES SUCH AS TIO2, ZNO, FE3O4, MNO2 AND NIO HAVE BEEN USED FOR SYNTHESIZED OF THE NANOCOMPOSITES WITH PAN [2].HERE WE REPORT ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIZE OF PAN IN THE PRESENCE OF TIO2, ZNO AND TIO2+ZNO SEMICONDUCTORS BY POTENTIAL CYCLING ON GOLD ELECTRODE. THE RESULTING POLYMER FILMS WERE CHARACTERIZED WITH IN SITU UV-VISIBLE AND EX SITU FTIR SPECTROSCOPY, SEM, TEM, AND IN SITU CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS.

POLYANILINE (PANI) IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT CONDUCTING POLYMERS WHICH HAS BEEN STUDIED EXTENSIVELY FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS SUCH AS SENSORS, BATTERIES AND ETC. IN RECENT YEARS, THE DEVELOPMENT OF INORGANIC/POLYMER HYBRID MATERIALS HAVE BEEN RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ATTENTION DUE TO A WIDE RANGE OF POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND IN FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS. IN THIS REPORT, POLYANILINE, POLYANILINE/TITANIUM DIOXIDE, POLYANILINE/ZINC OXIDE AND A NOVEL CONDUCTING POLYMER COMPOSITE, POLYANILINE/TITANIUM DIOXIDE+ZINC OXIDE, IN H2SO4 MEDIUM ON GOLD ELECTRODE ARE ELECTROCHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED BY POTENTIAL CYCLING, RESPECTIVELY. THE COMPOSITE FILMS WERE CHARACTERIZED BY CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY, FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRA RED (FT-IR) SPECTROSCOPY AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) AND THE RESULTS WERE COMPARED WITH PANI FILMS. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CATHODIC AND ANODIC PEAKS OF THREE REDOX COUPLES WERE OBTAINED FOR POLYMERIC COMPOSITES FILMS. DURING CATHODIC AND ANODIC SCANS, THE SHIFT OF POTENTIALS WERE OBSERVED FOR POLYMER COMPOSITE FILMS. THE CHARACTERISTIC FT-IR PEAKS OF PANI WERE FOUND TO SHIFT TO HIGHER WAVE NUMBER IN COMPOSITE FILMS. THESE OBSERVED EFFECTS HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO INTERACTION OF TIO2 AND ZNO PARTICLES WITH PANI MOLECULAR CHAINS. THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PANI AND POLYANILINE COMPOSITES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. THE COMPOSITE SEM MICROGRAPHS SUGGESTS THAT THE INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR PARTICLES WERE INCORPORATED IN ORGANIC CONDUCTING POLYMER, WHICH CONSEQUENTLY MODIFIES THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE FILMS SIGNIFICANTLY.

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES HAVE A WIDE RANGE AND VARIETY OF ABSORBENTS FOR EACH AREA. NEUTRON ABSORBER DUE TO HARD WORK AND HIGH ENERGY, HAVE BEEN LESS STUDIED, BUT LIMITED WORK HAS BEEN DONE IN THIS AREA [1]. POLYANILINE IS AN IMPORTANT CONDUCTING POLYMER BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY, EASY OF PREPARATION, UNIQUE CONDUCTION MECHANISM, AND PROCESSIBILITY. IT CAN BE SYNTHESIZED CHEMICALLY OR ELECTROCHEMICALLY FROM BOTH AQUEOUS AND NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS [2].AMONG CONDUCTING POLYMERS, POLYANILINE HAS BEEN ATTRACTIVE AS AN INTELLIGENT ORGANIC POLYMER FOR MANY RESEARCHERS AND SCIENTISTS DUE TO ITS EASE OF PREPARATION, PROCESSABILITY, HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, ELECTROACTIVITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND THERMAL STABILITY [3, 4].BORON CARBID IS A HIGHLY REFRACTORY MATERIAL THAT IS OF GREAT INTEREST FOR BOTH STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATION. BORON CARBID POWDERS CAN BE EASILY BE MADE BY CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION.IT IS ONE OF THE HARDEST MATERIALS WITH DIAMOND-LIKE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AND IS ALREADY USED FOR A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS INCLUDING ARMOR PLATING, BLASTING NOZZLES, AND MECHANICAL SEAL FACES, AS WELL AS FOR GRINDING AND CUTTING TOOLS. IN THIS WORK FIRST, NANOBORON CARBIDE HAS BEEN SYNTHESIZED VIA POLYMERIC PRECURSOR THAT IT IS SYNTHESIZED BY THE REACTION OF BORIC ACID AND POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AFTER PYROLYSIS AT 400 ◦C AND 800OC. THE NANOCOMPOSITES HAVE BEEN SYNTHESIZED FROM IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION OF ANILINE IN PRESENCE DIFFERENT WEIGHT RATIO OF B4C AND AMUNIUMPEROXIDISULPHAT APS AS INITIATOR. NANOCOMPOSITES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (FTIR) AND UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY. THE SIZE OF PARTICLES, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGYHAS BEEN MEASURED BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD), TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM) AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM). X-RAY DIFFRACTION SHOWED THAT BORON CARBIDE (B4C) WAS OBTAINED ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND NANO SIZE PARTICLE. THENEUTRON ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITES WERE INVESTIGATED WITH VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER. THESE NANOCOMPOSITES CAN BE RECOMMENDED AS CANDIDATES FOR IN FABRICATING NEUTRON SHIELDING DEVICES.

POLYANILINE/POLYMER CONDUCTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES HAVE RECEIVED A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION IN THE LAST DECADE [1]. THE MAINLY OF POLYMERS SELECTED TO PREPARE POLYANILINE COMPOSITES ARE INSULATING POLYMERIC MATERIALS WITH GOOD PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, I.E., PLASTICS, RUBBERS AND TEXTILES [2]. COMMONLY, A LARGE NUMBER OF RUBBERS AND PLASTICS ARE SYNTHESIZED BY USING PETROLEUM FEEDSTOCK AS RAW MATERIALS. ANYWAY, THE MUCH LIMITED AND INTOLERABLE PETROLEUM RESOURCES AND MOST NON-BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS HAVE BECOME SERIOUS THREATS TO LIVING ENVIRONMENT [3]. IN THIS RESEARCH, CONDUCTIVE NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON POLYANILINE/SUCROSE HAVE BEEN SYNTHESIZED BY IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION OF ANILINE IN THE PRESENCE OF SUCROSE ACTIVATED IN ACIDIC MEDIUM. THE CONDUCTIVITY OF NANOCOMPOSITES WAS INVESTIGATED BY FOUR PROBE METHODS. OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT THE CONDUCTIVITY OF NANOCOMPOSITES HAS BEEN INCREASED BY INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF POLYANILINE.THE RESULTING NANOCOMPOSITES HAVE BEEN ANALYZED FOR THESE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES USING 2, 2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL (DPPH) ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE NANOCOMPOSITES INCREASED BY INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF POLYANILINE. THE BIODEGRADABILITY TEST WAS CARRIED OUT TO SHOW THE BIODEGRADABILITY CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SYNTHESIZED CONDUCTING NANOCOMPOSITES. THE NANOCOMPOSITES WERE CHARACTERIZED BY FESEM, DSC, FT-IR, UV-VIS AND XRD. THE FIGURE BELOW SHOWS BIODEGRADABILITY OF THE SYNTHESIZED POLYANILINE/SUCROSE NANOCOMPOSITE AFTER 5 WEEKS.